Τετάρτη, Φεβρουαρίου 28, 2007

Σαββατο 3 Μαρτίου Ολική Έκλειψη Σελήνης



Φανταστείτε ότι το έτος είναι το 2025 και ότι είστε στο φεγγάρι. «Το σπίτι σας» είναι μόνο 100 μέτρα μακριά από ένα κτίριο στο χείλος ενός κρατήρα που άρχιζε να το κατασκευάζει η NASA πέντε χρόνια νωρίτερα. Είστε ένας από τους εργαζομένους της κατασκευής αυτής. Όπως πάντα σε αυτές τις πολικές περιοχές, ο ήλιος κρέμεται χαμηλά, μόλις πάνω από τον απόκρημνο σεληνιακό ορίζοντα. Ρυθμίζετε το γείσο σας. Σας καταπλήσσει πόσο φωτεινός μπορεί να είναι ο ήλιος, αν και χαμηλά, όταν δεν υπάρχει καθόλου ατμόσφαιρα για να τον εξασθενίσει. Ξαφνικά, τα φώτα σβήνουν. Πάνω στον ουρανό, ένας μεγάλος μαύρος δίσκος καλύπτει τον ήλιο. Ένα κόκκινο «δαχτυλίδι της φωτιάς» εμφανίζεται εκεί όπου ήταν ο ήλιος, στιγμές πριν, και η λάμψη του βάφει το έδαφος κόκκινο κάτω από τα πόδια σας. Την περιμένατε. Είναι μια έκλειψη.


Στο φεγγάρι το έδαφος «βάφεται» κόκκινο στη διάρκεια μιας έκλειψης σελήνης. Η φωτογραφία είναι από την ολική έκλειψη σελήνης στις 28 Οκτωβρίου 2004 από την Φλώρινα, του Αντώνη Παντελίδη.

Οι αστροναύτες στο φεγγάρι πρόκειται να ζήσουν την εμπειρία των εκλείψεων συνήθως μία ή δύο φορές το χρόνο: Η γη γλιστρά μπροστά από τον ήλιο μετατρέποντας τη σεληνιακή ημέρα σε μια παράξενη κατακόκκινη νύχτα. Θα είναι σίγουρα ένα από τα κυριότερα αξιοθέατα ενός τουρ της σελήνης.

Η γοητεία της έκλειψης προέρχεται από τη γη. Ο πλανήτης μας είναι αρκετά μεγάλος, κατά τρείς φορές, για να κρύψει ολόκληρο τον ηλιακό δίσκο, αλλά, όλως περιέργως, αυτό δεν προκαλεί το πλήρες σκοτάδι. Οι ακτίνες του ηλιακού φωτός καμπυλώνονται γύρω από την άκρη της γης και φιλτράρονται μέσω της ατμόσφαιρας. Όπως φαίνεται από το φεγγάρι, η άκρη της γης φωτίζεται όπως ένα ηλιοβασίλεμα, ένα πύρινο δαχτυλίδι φωτιάς, μια από τις ομορφότερες θέες στο ηλιακό σύστημα. (Μια απλουστευμένη κινούμενη αναπαράσταση αυτού του φαινομένου, 1,2 ΜΒ, μπορείτε να δείτε εδώ. Το σχεδίασε ο καλλιτέχνης Larry Koehn.)


Δεν μπορείτε να περιμένετε έως το 2025; Η επόμενη έκλειψη θα γίνει σύντομα: Σάββατο, 3 Μαρτίου 2007. Μη μπορώντας να ξεφύγουμε από τη γη, δεν είναι δυνατόν να δούμε το πύρινο δαχτυλίδι, αλλά μπορούμε να δούμε την κόκκινη λάμψη που θα παράγει στο φεγγάρι. Το φαινόμενο θα είναι ορατό από μέρη και των επτά ηπείρων. Από την Ελλάδα η έκλειψη θα είναι ορατή καθ’ όλη την διάρκειά της. Η σελήνη θα είναι ψηλά στον ουρανό ( 45 μοίρες) όταν θα αρχίσει να εισέρχεται στην παρασκιά της γης (είναι ακόμα Σάββατο) στις 22:18:11 (P1) οπότε και θα αρχίσει να γίνεται λίγο εμφανής η μείωση μέρους της φωτεινότητάς της. Στις 23:30:22 (U1) η σελήνη εισέρχεται στην σκιά της γης. Τότε αρχίζει η μερική έκλειψη της σελήνης η οποία και θα γίνει ολική στις 00:44:13 (U2), μετά τα μεσάνυχτα του Σαββάτου προς Κυριακή. Τότε αρχίζει και η ολική έκλειψη της σελήνης. Ο δίσκος της θα φαίνεται κόκκινος, χρυσαφής ή σαν το σκούρο χρώμα του χαλκού. Κανείς δεν μπορεί να είναι βέβαιος για το πόσο σκοτεινή ή πόσο φωτεινή θα είναι η φάση της ολικότητας. Εχουμε το τέλος της φάσης αυτής στις 01:57:37 (U3). (Υψος σελήνης περίπου στις 50μοίρες). Τότε αρχίζει η αντίστροφη πορεία. Δηλαδή, η μερική έκλειψη αρχίζει να γεμίζει την σελήνη και να αυξάνει ολοένα και την φωτεινότητά της. Η σελήνη έρχεται πίσω στο νορμάλ σχήμα της στις 03:11:28 (U4) οπότε και μπαίνει ξανά στην παρασκιά της γης. Αποκτά πίσω την λαμπρότητά της στις 04:23:44 (P4). Τότε θα έχουμε και το τέλος του φαινομένου.

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